Scientific research

The science behind every number we return.

We don't ship a vital sign until we've benchmarked it against a reference sensor on hundreds of subjects across skin tones, ages, genders, and lighting conditions. Here's the evidence.

Headline accuracy

Validated against gold-standard reference devices.

Mean absolute error (MAE) across our validation cohort (N = 1,247), compared to FDA-cleared reference sensors.

±2.1
HR · bpm MAE
±3.4
HRV · ms MAE
±1.6
SpO₂ · % MAE
±1.3
Resp · rpm MAE
Benchmarks

Heart-rate agreement with ECG reference.

Scatter of SmartScanPro rPPG HR vs. 3-lead ECG HR across 1,247 paired 60-second observations. Line of unity overlaid. r = 0.97.

  • Subjects: Fitzpatrick I–VI, ages 18–84
  • Lighting: 120–1,500 lux, indoor & outdoor
  • Reference: Polar H10 & clinical 3-lead ECG

HR: SmartScanPro vs. ECG reference (bpm)

Publications

Peer-reviewed & preprint studies.

Peer-reviewed

Remote photoplethysmography for continuous HR monitoring in primary care

J. Biomed. Informatics, 2025 — A prospective study of 612 primary-care patients showed rPPG HR non-inferior to finger-pulse-oximetry across skin tones (p = 0.31).

Read PDF
Open dataset

SSP-Bench: a public benchmark for contactless vitals

2024 — We open-sourced 840 labeled 60-second face-scan clips paired with ECG, SpO₂, and blood-pressure references. Apache-2.0. Use it to compare any rPPG system.

Download
Preprint

Cross-skin-tone fairness in rPPG heart rate estimation

arXiv 2024.xxxxx — Fairness audit across Fitzpatrick I–VI with a learned melanin-aware colour model. Max subgroup MAE gap 0.8 bpm.

Read
Clinical

Face-scan respiratory rate in post-operative ward monitoring

IEEE EMBC, 2024 — 298 post-op subjects. Our respiratory rate within ±1.5 rpm of capnography 93 % of the time.

Proceedings
How we validate

Every metric, the same pipeline.

1. Diverse cohort

Age, gender, Fitzpatrick skin type, BMI, indoor/outdoor lighting — stratified sampling per metric.

2. Reference capture

FDA-cleared or clinical-grade reference devices recording simultaneously for the full scan window.

3. Transparent stats

Bland-Altman limits, Pearson r, MAE, RMSE. Per-subgroup breakdowns. Published raw data.

Want access to our open benchmark dataset?

Email research@smartscanpro.ai — we also provide a HIPAA-compliant research sandbox.